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¾È³çÇϼ¼¿ä, À±Àç³²ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.   
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±âÁ¸ÀÇ Áö¹æÁ÷ ±âÃâ¿¡ ºñÇØ ¾î·Á¿ü´Ù.   
ÅؽºÆ®ÀÇ ¾îÈÖ¿Í ¼ÒÀç°¡ ÃâÁ¦ ±Ù°Å¿¡ ºñÇØ ¸Å¿ì ¾î·Á¿ü´Ù.   
µÚÁý¾î »ý°¢Çϸé ÃâÁ¦ Æ÷ÀÎÆ®¸¦ Àß ÀâÀ¸¸é ½±°Ô Ç® ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ºóÆ´µµ »ó´çÈ÷ ¸¹¾Ò´Ù´Â ¶æÀ̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù.   
ÇмúÀûÀÌ°í ½Ã»çÀûÀÎ Áö¹®ÀÇ ¾çÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ ´Ã¾ú´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ ÀÌä·Ó´Ù.  
  
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¹® ¹ý  
ƯÁ¤ Ç׸ñ°ú ¿¬°üµÈ ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ ¿¹¹®À» ÁÖ°í ´Ù¸¥ °É ¹¯´Â µÞÅë¼ö°¡ ´Ã°í ÀÖÀ½. À̷м­¸¦ º¹½ÀÇÒ ¶§ ÀÌ Á¡¿¡ °¢º°È÷ À¯ÀÇÇÒ °Í.   
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¾î·Æ°í ÇмúÀûÀÎ ÅؽºÆ®¸¦ ¸¹ÀÌ Á¢ÇØ°¥ °Í. ¼¼ºÎÀûÀÎ ³»¿ë ÀÌÇØ°¡ ¾î·Á¿ì¸é, ´ëÀÇ ÆľǸ¸ Çصµ ¼º°øÀÌ´Ï ÂÌÁö ¸» °Í. ´Ü¾î Çϳª¶óµµ ¾Ë¶ãÈ÷ ì±â°í ¹®Àå Çϳª¸¸ÀÌ¶óµµ Á¦´ë·Î Çؼ®ÇÏ°Ú´Ù´Â ÀÚ¼¼¸¸ ÀÖÀ¸¸é µÊ.   
  
  
  
¡Ø ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐÀÇ ÀÇ¹Ì¿Í °¡Àå °¡±î¿î °ÍÀ» °í¸£½Ã¿À. [¹® 1. ~ ¹® 2.]  
  
¹® 1.   
I came to see these documents as relics of a sensibility now dead and buried, which needed to be excavated.  
  
¨ç exhumed ¨è packed   
¨é erased ¨ê celebrated  
  
[Á¤´ä] ¨ç  
[Çؼ³] excavate´Â ¡®¹ß±¼ÇÏ´Ù, Æij»´Ù¡¯¶ó´Â ¶æÀ¸·Î, ¡®(½Ãü¸¦) ¹ß±¼ÇÏ´Ù¡¯¶ó´Â ¶æÀÇ exhumeÀÌ µ¿ÀǾî´Ù.   
¨ç ¹ß±¼ÇÏ´Ù ¨è (ÁüÀ») ½Î´Ù ¨é Áö¿ì´Ù ¨ê ÃàÇÏÇÏ´Ù  
[Çؼ®] ³ª´Â ÀÌ ¹®¼­µéÀ» ÀÌÁ¦´Â Á׾ ¹¯ÇôÀÖ´Â °¨¼ºÀÇ À¯¹°·Î º¸°Ô µÆ´Âµ¥, ±×°ÍµéÀº ¹ß±¼µÉ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.   
[¾îÈÖ] document ¹®¼­ relic À¯¹°, À¯Àû sensibility °¨¼º buried ¸ÅÀåµÈ  
  
¹® 2.   
Riding a roller coaster can be a joy ride of emotions: the nervous anticipation as you¡¯re strapped into your seat, the questioning and regret that comes as you go up, up, up, and the sheer adrenaline rush as the car takes that first dive.  
  
¨ç utter ¨è scary  
¨é occasional ¨ê manageable  
  
[Á¤´ä] ¨ç  
[Çؼ³] sheer´Â ¡®¼ø¼öÇÑ, ¼øÀüÇÑ¡¯À̶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù.   
¨ç ¿ÏÀüÇÑ, ¼ø¼öÇÑ ¨è ¹«¼­¿î ¨é °¡²ûÀÇ ¨ê ´Ù·ê ¼ö ÀÖ´Â, °¨´çÇÒ ¼ö Àִ  
[Çؼ®] ·Ñ·¯ÄÚ½ºÅ͸¦ Ÿ´Â °ÍÀº °¨Á¤ÀÇ ÆøÁÖµå¶óÀ̺êÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¾ÈÀüº§Æ®¸¦ ¸È ¶§ÀÇ ÃÊÁ¶ÇÑ ±â´ë°¨, À§·Î, À§·Î, À§·Î ¿Ã¶ó°¥¼ö·Ï ¿À´Â Àǹ®°ú ÈÄȸ, ±×¸®°í ±× ³îÀ̱ⱸ°¡ ù ¹ø° ÇÏ°­À» ÇÒ ¶§ÀÇ ±× ¼ø¼öÇÑ ¾Æµå·¹³¯¸°ÀÇ ¼Ú±¸Ä§.   
[¾îÈÖ] joy ride ÆøÁÖ µå¶óÀ̺ê anticipation ±â´ë strap ~ into a seat ¾ÈÀüº§Æ®¸¦ ¸Å´Ù regret ÈÄȸ dive ÇÏ°­  
  
  
¹® 3. µÎ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ´ëÈ­ Áß °¡Àå ¾î»öÇÑ °ÍÀº?  
¨ç A: Hello. Sorry I missed your call.  
B: Would you like to leave a message?  
¨è A: Are you going to take a vacation this winter?  
B: I might. I haven¡¯t decided yet.  
¨é A: I called you several times. Why didn¡¯t you answer?  
B: Oh, I think my cell phone was turned off.  
¨ê A: What time are we having lunch?  
B: It¡¯ll be ready before noon.  
  
[Á¤´ä] ¨ç  
[Çؼ®]   
¨ç A: ¾È³çÇϼ¼¿ä. ÀüÈ­¸¦ ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇؼ­ Á˼ÛÇÕ´Ï´Ù.  
B: ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ³²±â°Ú¾î¿ä?   
¨è A: À̹ø °Ü¿ï¿¡ ÈÞ°¡¸¦ °¥ ¿¹Á¤ÀÌ´Ï?  
B: ¾Æ¸¶µµ. ¾ÆÁ÷ °áÁ¤Àº ¾È Çß¾î.   
¨é A: ³ÊÇÑÅ× ¿©·¯ ¹ø ÀüÈ­Çß¾î. ¿Ö ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ï?   
B: ¾Æ, ³» ÈÞ´ëÆùÀÌ ²¨Á® ÀÖ¾ú³ªºÁ.  
¨ê A: ¿ì¸®´Â ¾ðÁ¦ Á¡½ÉÀ» ¸Ô³ª¿ä?  
B: Á¤¿À Àü¿¡´Â ÁغñµÉ °Å¿¹¿ä.  
[¾îÈÖ] take a vacation ÈÞ°¡¸¦ °¡´Ù answer ÀüÈ­¸¦ ¹Þ´Ù turn off ~À» ²ô´Ù   
  
¹® 4. ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº?  
A: Hello. I need to exchange some money.  
B: Okay. What currency do you need?  
A: I need to convert dollars into pounds. What¡¯s the exchange rate?   
B: The exchange rate is 0.73 pounds for every dollar.   
A: Fine. Do you take a commission?   
B: Yes, we take a small commission of 4 dollars.   
A: _____________________________?  
B: We convert your currency back for free. Just bring your receipt with you.   
  
¨ç How much does this cost ¨è How should I pay for that   
¨é What¡¯s your buy-back policy ¨ê Do you take credit cards  
  
[Á¤´ä] ¨é  
[Çؼ³] AÀÇ Áú¹®¿¡ B°¡ ÅëÈ­¸¦ ´Ù½Ã ȯÀüÇÒ ¶§ÀÇ ºñ¿ëÀÌ ¹«·á¶ó°í ´ë´äÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ȯÀüÇÑ µ·À» µÇ»ç±â(ȯ¸Å, ¿ª±¸¸Å)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÌ µé¾î°¡¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.   
¨ç ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¾ó¸¶Àΰ¡¿ä ¨è Á¦°¡ ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾ó¸¶³ª ÁöºÒÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï±î ¨é ȯ¸Å Á¤Ã¥ÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô µÇ³ª¿ä ¨ê ½Å¿ëÄ«µå¸¦ ¹ÞÀ¸½Ã³ª¿ä   
[Çؼ®] A: ¾È³çÇϼ¼¿ä. ȯÀüÀ» Á» ÇØ¾ß Çϴµ¥¿ä.   
B: ¾Ë°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¾î¶² ÅëÈ­°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇϽŰ¡¿ä?   
A: ´Þ·¯¸¦ ÆÄ¿îµå·Î ¹Ù²ã¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ȯÀ²ÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô µÇ³ª¿ä?   
B: ȯÀ²Àº ´Þ·¯´ç 0.73 ÆÄ¿îµåÀÔ´Ï´Ù.   
A: ÁÁ¾Æ¿ä. ¼ö¼ö·á¸¦ ¹Þ³ª¿ä?   
B: ³×, ¼ÒÁ¤ÀÇ ¼ö¼ö·á 4´Þ·¯¸¦ ¹Þ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.   
A: ȯ¸Å Á¤Ã¥Àº ¾î¶»°Ô µÇ³ª¿ä?  
B: ÀúÈñ´Â ´Ù½Ã ȯÀüÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¹«·á·Î Çص帳´Ï´Ù. ¿µ¼öÁõ¸¸ °¡Áö°í ¿À½Ê½Ã¿À.   
[¾îÈÖ] exchange ȯÀüÇÏ´Ù currency ÅëÈ­ convert ÀüȯÇÏ´Ù exchange rate ȯÀ² take a commission ¼ö¼ö·á¸¦ ¶¼´Ù for free ¹«·á·Î receipt ¿µ¼öÁõ  
  
  
  
¹® 5. ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß ¾î¹ý»ó ¿ÇÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº?  
Each year, more than 270,000 pedestrians ¨çlose their lives on the world¡¯s roads. Many leave their homes as they would on any given day never ¨èto return. Globally, pedestrians constitute 22% of all road traffic fatalities, and in some countries this proportion is ¨éas high as two thirds of all road traffic deaths. Millions of pedestrians are non-fatally ¨êinjuring ¤Ñ some of whom are left with permanent disabilities. These incidents cause much suffering and grief as well as economic hardship.  
  
[Á¤´ä] ¨ê  
[Çؼ³] ¨ê ÁÖ¾î Millions of pedestrians¿Í injure(ºÎ»óÀ» ÀÔÈ÷´Ù)ÀÇ °ü°è°¡ ¼öµ¿À̹ǷΠ°ú°ÅºÐ»ç injured°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù.   
¨ç ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾î(more than 270,000 pedestrians)°¡ º¹¼öÀ̹ǷΠµ¿»çµµ º¹¼öÇü(lose)ÀÌ´Ù.   
¨è ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¹®Àå(Many leave their homes as they would on any given day)ÀÇ °á°ú¸¦ Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â toºÎÁ¤»çÀÌ´Ù. ¡¸never toºÎÁ¤»ç¡¹´Â ¡®°á±¹ ~ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Ô µÇ´Ù¡¯¶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù.   
¨é ºñÀ²Àº ¡®¸¹´Ù¡¯³ª ¡®Àû´Ù¡¯°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ¡®³ô´Ù¡¯(high)³ª ¡®³·´Ù¡¯(low)·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÏ°í, ¿©±â¿¡ ¿ø±Þ ºñ±³(as + ¿ø±Þ + as)°¡ Àû¿ëµÅ ÀÖ´Ù.   
[Çؼ®] ¸Å³â, 27¸¸ ¸í ÀÌ»óÀÇ º¸ÇàÀÚ°¡ ¼¼°èÀÇ µµ·Î À§¿¡¼­ ¸ñ¼ûÀ» ÀҴ´Ù. ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾î´À ³¯Ã³·³ ÁýÀ» ³ª¼­¼­ °á±¹ ´Ù½Ã´Â µ¹¾Æ¿ÀÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. Àü ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î, º¸ÇàÀÚ´Â Àüü µµ·Î ±³Åë»ç°í »ç¸ÁÀÚÀÇ 22%¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇÏ°í, ÀϺΠ±¹°¡¿¡¼­´Â ±× ºñÀ²ÀÌ Àüü µµ·Î ±³Åë»ç°í »ç¸ÁÀÚÀÇ 3ºÐÀÇ 2¸¸Å­À̳ª ³ô´Ù. ¼ö¹é¸¸ ¸íÀÇ º¸ÇàÀÚ°¡ Ä¡¸íÀûÀÌÁö´Â ¾ÊÀº ºÎ»óÀ» ÀÔÁö¸¸, ±×µé Áß ÀϺδ ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÎ Àå¾Ö¸¦ Áö´Ñ ä·Î ³²´Â´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ç°íµéÀº °æÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ¾î·Á¿ò»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸¹Àº °íÅë°ú ½½ÇÄÀ» ¾ß±âÇÑ´Ù.   
[¾îÈÖ] pedestrian º¸ÇàÀÚ given ÁÖ¾îÁø constitute ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Ù fatality »ç¸ÁÀÚ disability Àå¾Ö incident »ç°Ç grief ½½ÇÄ hardship ¾î·Á¿ò  
  
¹® 6. ¾î¹ý»ó ¿ÇÀº °ÍÀº?  
¨ç Burning fossil fuels is one of the lead cause of climate change.   
¨è Another way to speed up the process would be made the shift to a new system.   
¨é The investigation had to be handled with the utmost care lest suspicion be aroused.   
¨ê The paper charged her with use the company¡¯s money for her own purposes.   
  
[Á¤´ä] ¨é  
[Çؼ³] ¨é Á¢¼Ó»ç lest´Â ¡®~ÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ°í µ¿»ç´Â ¡¸(should) µ¿»ç¿øÇü¡¹ÀÇ ÇüÅÂÀÌ´Ù. ÁÖ¾î suspicion°ú Ÿµ¿»ç arouse(~À» ºÒ·¯ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Ù)ÀÇ ¼öµ¿ °ü°èµµ ÀûÀýÈ÷ Ç¥ÇöµÅ ÀÖ´Ù.   
¨ç one of the lead cause¸¦ one of the leading causes·Î ¹Ù²ã¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¡®ÁÖ¿äÇÑ¡¯ÀÇ ¶æÀº leadingÀÌ°í, ¡¸one of º¹¼ö¸í»ç¡¹±¸¹®ÀÌ Àû¿ëµÅ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.  
¨è ÁÖ¾î(Another way to speed up the process)¸¦ º¸ÃæÇÏ´Â Áְݺ¸¾î·Î toºÎÁ¤»ç±¸(to make the shift to a new system)°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù.   
¨ê ÀüÄ¡»ç withÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾îÀÎ ¸í»ç(±¸)ÀÌÀÚ ¸ñÀû¾î the company¡¯s money ¸¦ À̲ø±â À§Çؼ­´Â µ¿»ç use¸¦ µ¿¸í»ç usingÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²ã¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.   
[Çؼ®] ¨ç È­¼® ¿¬·á¸¦ Å¿ì´Â °ÍÀº ±âÈÄ º¯È­ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ¿øÀεé Áß ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù.   
¨è °øÁ¤ÀÇ ¼Óµµ¸¦ ³ôÀÌ´Â ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ýÀº »õ·Î¿î ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ¸·Î ÀüȯÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.   
¨é ±× Á¶»ç´Â ÀǽÉÀ» ºÒ·¯ÀÏÀ¸Å°Áö ¾Êµµ·Ï ÃÖ´ëÇÑ ÁÖÀǸ¦ ±â¿ï¿© 󸮵Ǿî¾ß Çß´Ù.  
¨ê ±× ½Å¹®Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ» À§ÇØ È¸»çÀÇ µ·À» »ç¿ëÇÑ ÇøÀÇ·Î ±×³à¸¦ ±â¼ÒÇß´Ù.   
[¾îÈÖ] speed up °¡¼ÓÈ­ÇÏ´Ù shift º¯È­ utmost ÃÖ°íÀÇ charge ±â¼ÒÇÏ´Ù  
  
¹® 7. ÁÖ¾îÁø ±Û ´ÙÀ½¿¡ À̾îÁú ±ÛÀÇ ¼ø¼­·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº?   
There is a thought that can haunt us: since everything probably affects everything else, how can we ever make sense of the social world? If we are weighed down by that worry, though, we won¡¯t ever make progress.  
  
(A) Every discipline that I am familiar with draws caricatures of the world in order to make sense of it. The modern economist does this by building models, which are deliberately stripped down representations of the phenomena out there.  
  
(B) The economist John Maynard Keynes described our subject thus: ¡°Economics is a science of models joined to the art of choosing models which are relevant to the contemporary world.¡±  
  
(C) When I say ¡°stripped down,¡± I really mean stripped down. It isn¡¯t uncommon among us economists to focus on one or two causal factors, exclude everything else, hoping that this will enable us to understand how just those aspects of reality work and interact.  
  
¨ç (A) - (B) - (C) ¨è (A) - (C) - (B)  
¨é (B) - (C) - (A) ¨ê (B) - (A) - (C)  
  
[Á¤´ä] ¨è  
[Çؼ³] ÁÖ¾îÁø ¹®ÀåÀº ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ ¼­·Î ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¡®»çȸ ¼¼°è¡¯¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÇ ¾î·Á¿òÀ» Åä·ÎÇÑ´Ù. (A)´Â ¡®¸ðÇü¡¯À» ÅëÇØ À̸¦ Ÿ°³ÇÏ´Â Çö´ë °æÁ¦ÇÐÀÇ ÇØ°áÃ¥À» ¼Ò°³ÇÑ´Ù. (C)¿¡¼­´Â ±× ¸ðÇüÀ» ¼³¸íÇϱâ À§ÇØ (A)¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÈ ¡®¹þ°ÜÁø¡¯¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù. (B)¿¡¼­´Â (C)¿¡¼­ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ °æÁ¦ÇÐÀÚµéÀ» ´ëÇ¥ÇÏ´Â John Maynard KeynesÀÇ ¸»À» ¼Ò°³Çϸ鼭 ±Û Àüü¸¦ ¸¶¹«¸®ÇÑ´Ù.   
[Çؼ®]   
¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô °è¼Ó ¶°¿À¸¦ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »ý°¢ÀÌ Çϳª ÀÖ´Ù: ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç °Í¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ£´Ù¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â ¾î¶»°Ô »çȸ ¼¼°è¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î? ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®°¡ ±× °ÆÁ¤¿¡ Áþ´­¸°´Ù¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â °áÄÚ ÁøÀüÀ» ÀÌ·çÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (A) ³»°Ô Á¤ÅëÇÑ ¸ðµç Çй®Àº ¼¼°è¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¼¼°è¿¡ °üÇÑ Ä³¸®Ä¿Ã³¸¦ ±×¸°´Ù. Çö´ë °æÁ¦ÇÐÀÚ´Â ¡®¸ðÇüµé¡¯À» ¸¸µêÀ¸·Î½á ÀÌ°ÍÀ» Çϴµ¥, ±× ¸ðÇüµéÀº ¹Ù±ù¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Çö»óµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀǵµÀûÀ¸·Î ¹þ°ÜÁø ¹¦»çµéÀÌ´Ù. (C) ³»°¡ ¡®¹þ°ÜÁø¡¯À̶ó´Â ¸»À» ÇÒ ¶§, ³ª´Â Á¤¸»·Î ¹þ°ÜÁøÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸® °æÁ¦ÇÐÀÚµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­´Â ÇѵΠ°¡ÁöÀÇ ÀΰúÀûÀÎ ¿äÀο¡¸¸ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃß°í, ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» Á¦¿Ü½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀº µå¹® ÀÏÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¿ì¸®·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý Çö½ÇÀÇ ¹Ù·Î ±× Ãø¸éµéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ°í »óÈ£ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇØÁֱ⸦ ¹Ù¶ó¸é¼­ ¸»ÀÌ´Ù. (B) °æÁ¦ÇÐÀÚ John Maynard Keynes´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ ¼³¸íÇß´Ù: ¡°°æÁ¦ÇÐÀº Çö´ë ¼¼°è¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ¸ðÇüµéÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â ±â¼ú°ú °áÇÕµÈ ¸ðÇüµéÀÇ °úÇÐÀÌ´Ù.¡±  
[¾îÈÖ] haunt °è¼Ó ¶°¿À¸£´Ù make sense of ~À» ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Ù weigh down Áþ´©¸£´Ù   
(A) discipline Çй® be familiar with ~¿¡ Á¤ÅëÇÏ´Ù deliberately ÀǵµÀûÀ¸·Î representation ¹¦»ç phenomena Çö»óµé(phenomenonÀÇ º¹¼öÇü) (B) thus ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ relevant °ü·ÃµÈ (C) uncommon µå¹® causal Àΰú°ü°èÀÇ exclude ¹èÁ¦ÇÏ´Ù   
  
¹® 8. ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº?  
Prehistoric societies some half a million years ago did not distinguish sharply between mental and physical disorders. Abnormal behaviors, from simple headaches to convulsive attacks, were attributed to evil spirits that inhabited or controlled the afflicted person¡¯s body. According to historians, these ancient peoples attributed many forms of illness to demonic possession, sorcery, or the behest of an offended ancestral spirit. Within this system of belief called demonology, the victim was usually held at least partly responsible for the misfortune. It has been suggested that Stone Age cave dwellers may have treated behavior disorders with a surgical method called trephining, in which part of the skull was chipped away to provide an opening through which the evil spirit could escape. People may have believed that when the evil spirit left, the person would return to his or her normal state, Surprisingly, trephined skulls have been found to have healed over, indicating that some patients survived this extremely crude operation.  
¡Ø convulsive: °æ·ÃÀÇ ¡Ø behest: ¸í·É  
  
¨ç Mental disorders were clearly differentiated from physical disorders.  
¨è Abnormal behaviors were believed to result from evil spirits affecting a person.  
¨é An opening was made in the skull for an evil spirit to enter a person¡¯s body.  
¨ê No cave dwellers survived trephining.  
  
[Á¤´ä] ¨è  
[Çؼ³]   
¨ç Á¤½ÅÀå¾Ö´Â ½ÅüÀå¾Ö¿Í ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô ±¸º°µÇ¾ú´Ù. (¡æ Á¤½ÅÀå¾Ö¿Í ½ÅüÀå¾Ö´Â ¶Ñ·ÇÇÏ°Ô ±¸º°µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.)  
¨è ÀÌ»ó ÇൿÀº ¾Ç·ÉÀÌ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃļ­ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù°í ¿©°ÜÁ³´Ù.   
¨é ¾Ç·ÉÀÌ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸ö¿¡ µé¾î°¡±â À§ÇØ ±¸¸ÛÀÌ µÎ°³°ñ¿¡ ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Ù. (¡æ ±¸¸ÛÀ» ³½ ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¾Ç·ÉÀÌ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸ö¿¡¼­ ³ª°¡°Ô Çϱâ À§ÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù.)  
¨ê ¾î¶² µ¿±¼ °ÅÁÖÀڵ鵵 µÎ°³°ñ¿¡ ±¸¸ÛÀ» ¶Õ±â¿¡¼­ »ì¾Æ³²Áö ¸øÇß´Ù. (¡æ ÀϺΠ»ç¶÷µéÀº »ì¾Æ³²¾Ò´Ù.)  
[Çؼ®] ¾à 50¸¸ ³â Àü, ¼±»ç½Ã´ë »çȸµéÀº Á¤½ÅÀå¾Ö¿Í ½ÅüÀå¾Ö¸¦ ¶Ñ·ÇÇÏ°Ô ±¸º°ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ´Ü¼øÇÑ µÎÅë¿¡¼­ °æ·Ã ¹ßÀÛ¿¡ À̸£´Â ÀÌ»ó ÇൿµéÀº ¾ÆÇ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸ö¿¡ »ì°Å³ª ±× ¸öÀ» ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ´Â ¾Ç·É ¶§¹®À̶ó°í ¿©°ÜÁ³´Ù. ¿ª»çÇÐÀڵ鿡 µû¸£¸é, ÀÌ °í´ëÀεéÀº ¸¹Àº Á¾·ùÀÇ Áúº´µéÀ» ¾Ç¸¶¿¡ µé¸° °Í, ¸¶¹ý, ¶Ç´Â °Ý³ëÇÑ Á¶»ó È¥¹éÀÇ ¸í·É ¶§¹®À̶ó°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ¡®±Í½ÅÇС¯À̶ó ºÒ¸®´Â ÀÌ·± ¹ÏÀ½ÀÇ Ã¼°è¿¡¼­, ÇÇÇØÀÚ´Â ´ë°³ ±× ºÒÇà¿¡ Àû¾îµµ ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î Ã¥ÀÓÀ» Á³´Ù. ¼®±â½Ã´ë µ¿±¼ °ÅÁÖÀÚµéÀº Çൿ Àå¾Ö¸¦ ¡®trephining¡¯À̶ó ºÒ¸®´Â ¼ö¼ú¹ýÀ¸·Î Ä¡·áÇØ¿ÔÀ»Áö ¸ð¸¥´Ù´Â ¸»ÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, ±× ¼ö¼ú¹ý¿¡¼­´Â ¾Ç·ÉÀÌ ºüÁ®³ª°¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±¸¸ÛÀ» ¸¸µé±â À§ÇØ µÎ°³°ñÀÇ ÀϺΰ¡ ±ðÀ̾ú´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº ¾Ç·ÉÀÌ ¶°³ª¸é ±× ÇÇÇØÀÚ°¡ Á¤»ó »óÅ·Πµ¹¾Æ¿Ã °ÍÀ̶ó ¹Ï¾úÀ»Áö ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ³î¶ø°Ôµµ, ±¸¸ÛÀÌ ¶Õ¸° µÎ°³°ñÀº ¿ÏÄ¡µÆ´Ù°í ¹àÇôÁ³´Âµ¥, ÀϺΠȯÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÌ ±Øµµ·Î ´ëÃæÀÇ ¼ö¼ú¿¡¼­ »ì¾Æ³²¾Ò´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.   
[¾îÈÖ] disorder Àå¾Ö attribute ~ to ¡¦ ~À» ¡¦ ¶§¹®À̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Ù afflict ±«·ÓÈ÷´Ù possession Ȧ¸² sorcery ¸¶¹ý offend °Ý³ëÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù hold ~ responsible ~¿¡°Ô Ã¥ÀÓÀ» ¹¯´Ù skull µÎ°³°ñ chip away ±ð´Ù opening ±¸¸Û heal over ¿ÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Ù crude ´ëÃæÀÇ operation ¼ö¼ú  
  
  
¹® 9. ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº?  
As the digital revolution upends newsrooms across the country, here¡¯s my advice for all the reporters. I¡¯ve been a reporter for more than 25 years, so I have lived through a half dozen technological life cycles. The most dramatic transformations have come in the last half dozen years. That means I am with increasing frequency, making stuff up as I go along. Much of the time in the news business, we have no idea what we are doing. We show up in the morning and someone says, ¡°Can you write a story about (pick one) tax policy/immigration/climate change?¡± When newspapers had once-a-day deadlines, we said a reporter would learn in the morning and teach at night ¤Ñ write a story that could inform tomorrow¡¯s readers on a topic the reporter knew nothing about 24 hours earlier. Now it is more like learning at the top of the hour and teaching at the bottom of the same hour. I¡¯m also running a political podcast, for example, and during the presidential conventions, we should be able to use it to do real-time interviews anywhere. I am just increasingly working without a script.  
  
¨ç fields of journalism and technology  
¨è technology in politics  
¨é a reporter and improvisation  
¨ê a reporter as a teacher  
  
[Á¤´ä] ¨é  
[Çؼ³] ±âÀÚµéÀº °ú°Å¿¡´Â ÇÏ·ç µ¿¾È Á¶»ç¸¦ Çؼ­ ±â»ç¸¦ ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸, Áö±ÝÀº µðÁöÅÐ Çõ¸í ¶§¹®¿¡ ¸Å¿ì ªÀº ½Ã°£ ¾È¿¡ ±â»ç¸¦ ½á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. ¡®±â»ç¸¦ Áö¾î³½´Ù¡¯°Å³ª ¡®´ëº» ¾øÀÌ ÀÏÀ» ÇÑ´Ù¡¯´Â Ç¥ÇöÀº ¸ðµÎ ¿äÁò ±âÀÚµéÀÇ ¡®ÁïÈïÀû ¹æ½Ä¡¯À» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.   
¨ç Àú³Î¸®ÁòÀÇ ºÐ¾ßµé°ú ±â¼ú ¨è Á¤Ä¡¿¡¼­ÀÇ ±â¼ú ¨é ±âÀÚ¿Í ÁïÈï ¨ê ±³»ç·Î¼­ÀÇ ±âÀÚ  
[Çؼ®] µðÁöÅÐ Çõ¸íÀÌ ³ª¶ó Àü¿ª¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ´º½º ÀÛ¼º½ÇÀ» µÚÁý¾î³õ°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¸ðµç ±âÀÚµéÀ» À§ÇÑ Á¦ Á¶¾ðÀ» ³»³õ½À´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â 25³â ÀÌ»ó ±âÀÚ¿´°í, ±×·¡¼­ 6¹øÀÇ ±â¼úÀûÀÎ »ý¾Ö Áֱ⸦ °Þ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. °¡Àå ±ØÀûÀÎ º¯È­´Â ¸¶Áö¸· 6³â ¿¡ ÀϾ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº Á¦°¡ Á¡Á¡ ´õ ÀÚÁÖ, ÀÏÀ» ÁøÇàÇϸ鼭 À̾߱⸦ Áö¾î³»°í ÀÖÀ½À» ÀǹÌÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ´º½º ¾÷¹«¸¦ ÇÏ´Â ½Ã°£ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐ¿¡ ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¸ð¸¨´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¾Æħ¿¡ Ãâ±ÙÇÏ¸é ´©±º°¡°¡ ¡°¼¼±Ý Á¤Ã¥/À̹Î/±âÈÄ º¯È­¿¡ ´ëÇØ (Çϳª °ñ¶ó¼­) ±â»ç¸¦ ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ³ª¿ä?¡±¶ó°í ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ½Å¹®ÀÌ ÇÏ·ç ÇÑ ¹ø ¸¶°¨ÀÌ ÀÖ¾úÀ» ¶§, ¿ì¸®´Â ±âÀÚ°¡ ¾Æħ¿¡ ¹è¿ö¼­ ¹ã¿¡ °¡¸£Ä£´Ù, Áï ±âÀÚ´Â 24½Ã°£ Àü¿¡´Â ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¸ô¶ú´ø ÁÖÁ¦¿¡ °üÇØ ³»ÀÏÀÇ ±¸µ¶Àڵ鿡°Ô ¾Ë¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À̾߱⸦ ¾´´Ù°í Çß½À´Ï´Ù. Áö±ÝÀº Á¤½Ã¿¡ ¹è¿ö¼­ °°Àº ½Ã°£ÀÇ 30ºÐ¿¡ °¡¸£Ä¡´Â °Í°ú ´õ °°½À´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, Àú´Â Á¤Ä¡ ÆÌij½ºÆ®µµ ¿î¿µÇÏ°í Àִµ¥, ´ëÅë·É Èĺ¸ Àü´ç ´ëȸ Áß¿¡ ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ ¾îµð¿¡¼­µç ½Ç½Ã°£ ÀÎÅͺ並 ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â Á¡Á¡ ´õ ´ëº» ¾øÀÌ ÀÏÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.   
[¾îÈÖ] upend µÚÁý´Ù frequency ºóµµ make up ~À» Áö¾î³»´Ù deadline ¸¶°¨½Ã°£ at the top of the hour Á¤½Ã¿¡ at the bottom of the hour 30ºÐ¿¡ presidential convention ´ëÅë·É Àü´ç´ëȸ script ´ëº»  
  
¹® 10. ±ÛÀÇ È帧 »ó °¡Àå ¾î»öÇÑ ¹®ÀåÀº?  
Children¡¯s playgrounds throughout history were the wilderness, fields, streams, and hills of the country and the roads, streets, and vacant places of villages, towns, and cities. ¨ç The term playground refers to all those places where children gather to play their free, spontaneous games. ¨è Only during the past few decades have children vacated these natural playgrounds for their growing love affair with video games, texting, and social networking. ¨é Even in rural America few children are still roaming in a free-ranging manner, unaccompanied by adults. ¨ê When out of school, they are commonly found in neighborhoods digging in sand, building forts, playing traditional games, climbing, or playing ball games. They are rapidly disappearing from the natural terrain of creeks, hills, and fields, and like their urban counterparts, are turning to their indoor, sedentary cyber toys for entertainment.  
  
[Á¤´ä] ¨ê  
[Çؼ³] ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÇ ³îÀÌ¿Í ³îÀÌÅÍÀÇ º¯È­¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. ´õ ÀÌ»ó ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ °ø°£¿¡¼­ ±×°÷¿¡ ¾î¿ï¸®´Â ³îÀÌ°¡ ÀÌ·ïÁö°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀ̹ǷÎ, ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ¸ð·¡¸¦ ÆÄ°í, ¿ä»õ¸¦ ¸¸µé°í, °ø³îÀ̸¦ ÇÑ´Ù´Â ¨ê´Â Àüü È帧¿¡ ¾î¿ï¸®Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.  
[Çؼ®] ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÇ ³îÀÌÅÍ´Â ¿ª»ç¸¦ ÅëƲ¾î ±× ³ª¶óÀÇ È²¹«Áö, µéÆÇ, ÇÏõ, ±×¸®°í ¾ð´öÀ̾ú°í, µ¿³×, ¸¶À», µµ½ÃÀÇ µµ·Î, °Å¸®, ±×¸®°í °øÅÍ¿´´Ù. ¨ç ¡®³îÀÌÅÍ¡¯¶ó´Â ¿ë¾î´Â ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ¸ð¿© ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°í ÀÚ¹ßÀûÀÎ ³îÀ̸¦ ÇÏ´Â ±× ¸ðµç Àå¼Ò¸¦ ÀÏÄ´´Ù. ¨è ºÒ°ú Áö³­ ¸î ½Ê ³â µ¿¾È, ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº ºñµð¿À °ÔÀÓ, ¹®ÀÚ ÁÖ°í¹Þ±â, ±×¸®°í ¼Ò¼È³×Æ®¿öÅ·°úÀÇ ´Ã¾î³ª´Â ¿¬¾Ö(ÁÁ¾Æ¼­ ÀÌ¿ëÇϱâ) ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ ³îÀÌÅ͸¦ ¶°³µ´Ù. ¨é ½ÉÁö¾î ¹Ì±¹ ½Ã°ñ¿¡¼­Á¶Â÷, ¾î¸¥µéÀÌ µ¿ÇàÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ä ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ÀÚÀ¯ºÐ¹æÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ï´Â ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù. (¨ê Çб³¿¡¼­ ³ª¿À¸é, ±×µéÀº µ¿³×¿¡¼­ ¸ð·¡¸¦ ÆÄ°í, ¿ä»õ¸¦ Áþ°í, ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ ³îÀ̸¦ ÇÏ°í, ¿À¸£¸ç, °ø³îÀ̸¦ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÈçÈ÷ º¸ÀδÙ.) ±×µéÀº °³¿ï, ¾ð´ö, ±×¸®°í µéÆÇ°ú °°Àº ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ ÁöÇü¿¡¼­ ºü¸£°Ô »ç¶óÁö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, µµ½Ã¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »ó´ëÆí(¾ÆÀ̵é)ó·³ ¿À¶ôÀ» À§ÇØ ½Ç³»ÀÇ, ¾É¾Æ¼­ ÇÏ´Â »çÀ̹ö Àå³­°¨¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.   
[¾îÈÖ] wilderness Ȳ¹«Áö term ¿ë¾î spontaneous ÀÚ¹ßÀûÀÎ vacate ºñ¿ì´Ù love affair ¿¬¾Ö, Á¤»ç roam µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ï´Ù accompany µ¿ÇàÇÏ´Ù terrain ÁöÇü creek °³¿ï counterpart »ó´ëÆí turn to ~ for ¡¦ ¡¦À» À§ÇØ ~¿¡°Ô ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Ù sedentary ¾É¾Æ¼­ ÇÏ´Â   
  
  
  
¡Ø ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐÀÇ ÀÇ¹Ì¿Í °¡Àå °¡±î¿î °ÍÀ» °í¸£½Ã¿À. [¹® 11. ~ ¹® 12.]  
  
¹® 11.   
Time does seen to slow to a trickle during a boring afternoon lecture and race when the brain is engrossed in something highly entertaining.  
  
¨ç enhanced by ¨è apathetic to  
¨é stabilized by ¨ê preoccupied by  
  
[Á¤´ä] ¨ê  
[Çؼ³] engross inÀº ¡®~¿¡ ¸ôµÎÇÑ¡¯ÀÇ ¶æÀÌ´Ù.   
¨ç ~¿¡ ÀÇÇØ »ó½ÂµÈ ¨è ~¿¡ ¹«°ü½ÉÇÑ ¨é ~¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¾ÈÁ¤È­µÈ ¨ê ~¿¡ ¸ôµÎÇÑ  
[Çؼ®] ½Ã°£Àº Áö·çÇÑ ¿ÀÈÄ ¼ö¾÷¿¡´Â ´À¸®°Ô Èê·¯°¡´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀÌÁö¸¸, µÎ³ú°¡ ¸Å¿ì Àç¹ÌÀÖ´Â ¹«¾ð°¡¿¡ ¸ôµÎÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§´Â ½ð»ì°°ÀÌ ´Þ·Á°¡´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀδÙ.  
[¾îÈÖ] slow to a trickle ´«°ö¸¸Å­À¸·Î ÁÙ¾îµé´Ù lecture °­ÀÇ race ÁúÁÖÇÏ´Ù   
  
  
  
¹® 12.   
These daily updates were designed to help readers keep abreast of the markets as the government attempted to keep them under control.  
  
¨ç be acquainted with ¨è get inspired by  
¨é have faith in ¨ê keep away from  
  
[Á¤´ä] ¨ç  
[Çؼ³] keep abreast of´Â ¡®(ÃÖ±Ù Á¤È²À») Àß ¾Ë¾ÆµÎ´Ù, ~¿¡ µÚÁöÁö ¾Ê´Ù¡¯¶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù.   
¨ç ~À» Àß ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù ¨è ~¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿µ°¨À» ¹Þ´Ù ¨é ~À» ¹Ï´Ù ¨ê ~À» ¸Ö¸®ÇÏ´Ù  
[Çؼ®] ÀÌ ÀÏÀÏ ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®´Â, Á¤ºÎ°¡ ½ÃÀåÀ» ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ·Á°í ½ÃµµÇ߱⠶§¹®¿¡ µ¶ÀÚµéÀÌ ½ÃÀåÀÇ Á¤È²À» Àß ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï µ½±â À§ÇØ °í¾ÈµÇ¾ú´Ù.  
[¾îÈÖ] be designed to ~Çϱâ À§ÇØ °í¾ÈµÇ´Ù   
  
  
¡Ø ¹ØÁ٠ģ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀ» °í¸£½Ã¿À. [¹® 13. ~ ¹® 14.]  
  
¹® 13.   
In the 1840s, the island of Ireland suffered famine. Because Ireland could not produce enough food to feed its population, about a million people died of ___(A)___ ; they simply didn¡¯t have enough to eat to stay alive. The famine caused another 1.25 million people to ___(B)___ ; many left their island home for the United states; the rest went to Canada, Australia, Chile, and other countries, Before the famine, the population of Ireland was approximately 6 million. After the great food shortage, it was about 4 million.  
  
(A) (B)  
¨ç fatigue be detained  
¨è starvation emigrate  
¨é trauma immigrate  
¨ê dehydration be deported  
  
[Á¤´ä] ¨è  
[Çؼ³] (A) ¾ÆÀÏ·£µå¿¡ ±â±ÙÀÌ ÀϾ ½Ä·®ÀÌ ÃæºÐÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Ô µÆ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¸¹Àº ¾ÆÀÏ·£µåÀεéÀÌ ¡®±â¾Æ¡¯·Î Á×¾ú´Ù°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.   
(B) ¾ÆÀÏ·£µå ÀεéÀÌ °íÇâ ¼¶À» ¶°³ª ´Ù¸¥ ³ª¶óµé·Î °£ °ÍÀ̹ǷΠ¡®ÀÌÁÖÇÏ´Ù¡¯°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù.   
¨ç ÇÇ·Î / ¾ï·ùµÇ´Ù ¨è ±â¾Æ / ÀÌÁÖÇÏ´Ù ¨é ¿Ü»ó / À̹ÎÀ» ¿À´Ù ¨ê Å»¼ö / °­Á¦ Ãß¹æµÇ´Ù  
[Çؼ®] 1840³â´ë¿¡ ¾ÆÀÏ·£µå ¼¶Àº ±â±ÙÀ» °Þ¾ú´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¾ÆÀÏ·£µå´Â ±× ³ª¶óÀÇ Àα¸¸¦ ¸ÔÀÏ ¸¸Å­ÀÇ ÃæºÐÇÑ ½Ä·®À» »ý»êÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¾à 1¹é¸¸ ¸íÀÌ (A)±â¾Æ·Î »ç¸ÁÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀº »ì¾Æ³²À» ¸¸Å­ ÃæºÐÇÑ ¸ÔÀ» °ÍÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±× ±â±ÙÀº ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ 1¹é 25¸¸ ¸íÀÌ (B)ÀÌÁÖÇϵµ·Ï ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÇ °íÇâ ¼¶À» ¶°³ª ¹Ì±¹À¸·Î ÇâÇß´Ù. ³ª¸ÓÁö »ç¶÷µéÀº ij³ª´Ù, È£ÁÖ, Ä¥·¹, ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ ±¹°¡µé·Î °¬´Ù. ±â±ÙÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇϱâ Àü¿¡, ¾ÆÀÏ·£µåÀÇ Àα¸´Â ¾à 6¹é¸¸ ¸íÀ̾ú´Ù. ¾öû³­ ½Ä·® ºÎÁ· ÀÌÈÄ, Àα¸´Â ¾à 4¹é¸¸ ¸íÀ̾ú´Ù.  
[¾îÈÖ] famine ±â±Ù approximately ´ë·« shortage ºÎÁ·   
  
  
  
  
¹® 14.   
Today the technology to create the visual component of virtual-reality (VR) experiences is well on its way to becoming widely accessible and affordable. But to work powerfully, virtual reality needs to be about more than visuals. _____(A)_____ what you are hearing convincingly matches the visuals, the virtual experience breaks apart. Take a basketball game. If the players, the coaches, the announcers, and the crowd all sound like they¡¯re sitting midcourt, you may as well watch the game on television — you¡¯ll get just as much of a sense that you are ¡°there.¡± _____(B)_____, today¡¯s audio equipment and our widely used recording and reproduction formats are simply inadequate to the task of re-creating convincingly the sound of a battlefield on a distant planet, a basketball game at courtside, or a symphony as heard from the first row of a great concert hall.  
  
(A) (B)  
¨ç If By contrast  
¨è Unless Consequently  
¨é If Similarly  
¨ê Unless Unfortunately  
  
[Á¤´ä] ¨ê  
[Çؼ³] (A) Á¶°ÇÀýÀÇ ³»¿ëÀÌ ±àÁ¤ÀÌ°í ÁÖÀýÀÇ ³»¿ëÀÌ ºÎÁ¤À̹ǷÎ, Á¶°ÇÀýÀ» À̲ô´Â Á¢¼Ó»ç·Î ºÎÁ¤ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ³»Æ÷ÇÑ Unless(¸¸¾à ~ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é)°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù.   
(B) ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °¡»ó °æÇèÀÇ °¡´É¼º¿¡ ÀÌ¾î ±×·± °æÇèÀ» ±¸ÇöÇÒ ±â¼úÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷ ¾ø´Ù´Â ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ Çö½ÇÀÌ À̾îÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ç ´ëÁ¶ÀûÀ¸·Î ¨è °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î ¨é ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô ¨ê ºÒÇàÈ÷µµ   
ºóÄ­ ¾Õ¿¡¼­ °¡»ó °æÇè¿¡ ´ëÇØ À̾߱âÇÑ ÈÄ ºóÄ­ µÚ¿¡¼­ ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ±â¼úÀÌ ±×¾ß¸»·Î ºÎÁ·ÇÏ´Ù°í ¾ð±ÞÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¾Õ ³»¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ³»¿ëÀÌ À̾îÁüÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î [Á¤´ä]Àº ¨ê ¡®Unless ¡© Unfortunately¡¯ÀÌ´Ù.  
[Çؼ®] ¿À´Ã³¯ °¡»óÇö½Ç(VR) °æÇèÀÇ ½Ã°¢Àû ±¸¼º ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â ±â¼úÀº ³Î¸® Á¢±Ù °¡´ÉÇÏ°í ºñ¿ëÀÌ Àú·ÅÇØÁö´Â µ¥ À־ Àß ÁøÇà ÁßÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ °­·ÂÇÏ°Ô ÀÛµ¿Çϱâ À§Çؼ­, °¡»óÇö½ÇÀº ½Ã°¢ÀûÀÎ °Í ÀÌ»ó°ú °ü·ÃµÉ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ µè°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ±× ½Ã°¢ÀûÀÎ °Í°ú ¼³µæ·Â ÀÖ°Ô ¾î¿ï¸®Áö (A)¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, °¡»ó °æÇèÀº ¹«³ÊÁø´Ù. ³ó±¸ °æ±â¸¦ ¿¹·Î µé¾î º¸ÀÚ. ¸¸¾à ¼±¼öµé, °¨µ¶µé, ¾Æ³ª¿î¼­µé, ±×¸®°í °üÁßµéÀÌ ¸ðµÎ ¹ÌµåÄÚÆ®(°æ±âÀå °¡¿îµ¥)¿¡ ¾É¾Æ ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³ µé¸®¸é, TV·Î °æ±â¸¦ º¸´Â °ÍÀÌ ³´´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº ¡°±×°÷¡±¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °Í°ú °°Àº °¨°¢À» ´À³¢°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (B)ºÒÇàÈ÷µµ, ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ¿Àµð¿À Àåºñ¿Í ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ³ìÀ½ ¹× Àç»ý Çü½ÄÀº ¸Ö¸® ¶³¾îÁø Ç༺ÀÇ ½Î¿òÅÍ, ÄÚÆ®»çÀ̵忡¼­ÀÇ ³ó±¸ °æ±â, ¶Ç´Â Å« Äܼ­Æ®È¦ÀÇ Ã¹ ¹ø° ÁÙ¿¡¼­ µè´Â ±³Çâ°îÀÇ ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ¼³µæ·Â ÀÖ°Ô ÀçÇöÇÏ´Â ÀÛ¾÷¿¡ À־ Á¤¸» ºÒÃæºÐÇÏ´Ù.  
[¾îÈÖ] component ±¸¼º ¿ä¼Ò affordable (°¡°ÝÀÌ) ¾Ë¸ÂÀº, Àú·ÅÇÑ convincingly ¼³µæ·Â ÀÖ°Ô break apart »ê»ê Á¶°¢³ª´Ù may as well ~ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ³´´Ù reproduction Àç»ý inadequate ºÒÃæºÐÇÑ   
  
  
  
¹® 15. ÁÖ¾îÁø ¹®ÀåÀÌ µé¾î°¥ À§Ä¡·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº?  
The same thinking can be applied to any number of goals, like improving performance at work.  
  
The happy brain tends to focus on the short term. ( ¨ç ) That being the case, it¡¯s a good idea to consider what short-term goals we can accomplish that will eventually lead to accomplishing long-term goals, ( ¨è ) For instance, if you want to lose thirty pounds in six months, what short-term goals can you associate with losing the smaller increments of weight that will get you there? ( ¨é ) Maybe it¡¯s something as simple as rewarding yourself each week that you lose two pounds. ( ¨ê ) By breaking the overall goal into smaller, shorter-term parts, we can focus on incremental accomplishments instead of being overwhelmed by the enormity of the goal in our profession.  
  
[Á¤´ä] ¨ê  
[Çؼ³] Å« ¸ñÇ¥º¸´Ù ÀÛÀº ¸ñÇ¥¿¡ ÁýÁßÇϱ⸦ »ì»©±â¸¦ ¿¹·Î µé¾î ¼³¸íÇÏ´Ù°¡ Á÷Àå¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¼º°ú¸¦ Çâ»ó½ÃÅ°´Â °Í¿¡µµ Àû¿ëÇÏ´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. ÁÖ¾îÁø ¹®ÀåÀº Á÷Àå¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¼º°ú·Î ¿¹°¡ ÀüȯµÇ´Â ¼ø°£ÀÌ´Ù.   
[Çؼ®] ÇູÇÑ ³ú´Â ´Ü±â°£¿¡ ÁýÁßÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù¸é, °á±¹¿¡´Â Àå±â ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ ¼ºÃëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î À̲ø, ¾î¶² ´Ü±â°£ÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ ¿ì¸®°¡ ¼ºÃëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»Áö °í·ÁÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁÀº »ý°¢ÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ´ç½ÅÀÌ 6°³¿ù ÈÄ¿¡ 30ÆÄ¿îµå¸¦ »©°í ½Í´Ù¸é, ±×°÷(±× ¹«°Ô)¿¡ ´ç½ÅÀ» µµ´ÞÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé, ¹«°ÔÀÇ ´õ ÀÛÀº ´©ÀûµéÀ» »©´Â °Í°ú ¾î¶² ´Ü±â°£ÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ ¿¬°ü ÁöÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î? ¾Æ¸¶µµ ±×°ÍÀº ´ç½ÅÀÌ 2ÆÄ¿îµå¸¦ »©´Â ¸ÅÁÖ ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô º¸»óÀ» ÁÖ´Â °Í¸¸Å­ ´Ü¼øÇÑ °ÍÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. µ¿ÀÏÇÑ »ý°¢ÀÌ Á÷Àå¿¡¼­ ¼º°ú¸¦ Çâ»ó½ÃÅ°´Â °Íó·³ ¸¹Àº ¸ñÇ¥µé¿¡ Àû¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Àüü ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ ´õ ÀÛÀº ´Ü±â°£ÀÇ ºÎºÐµé·Î ³ª´®À¸·Î½á, ¿ì¸® Á÷¾÷¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥ÀÇ °Å´ëÇÔ¿¡ ¾ÐµµµÇ´Â ´ë½Å¿¡ Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â ¼ºÃëµé¿¡ ÁýÁßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.   
[¾îÈÖ] be applied to ~¿¡ Àû¿ëµÇ´Ù performance ¼º°ú that being the case ±×°ÍÀÌ »ç½ÇÀ̶ó¸é eventually °á±¹¿¡ associate ~ with ¡¦ ~À» ¡¦°ú ¿¬°ü Áþ´Ù increment Áõ°¡ reward º¸»óÀ» ÁÖ´Ù overwhelmed ¾ÐµµµÇ´Â enormity °Å´ëÇÔ   
  
¹® 16. ¿ì¸®¸»À» ¿µ¾î·Î À߸ø ¿Å±ä °ÍÀº?  
¨ç ³ª´Â ³» ¾ÆµéÀÌ ÀÐÀ» Ã¥À» ÇÑ ±Ç »ç¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.  
¡æ I should buy a book for my son to read.  
¨è ±×³à´Â ³²Æí°ú °áÈ¥ÇÑ Áö 20³â ÀÌ»ó µÇ¾ú´Ù.  
¡æ She has married to her husband for more than two decades.  
¨é ³ª´Â À¯·´ ¿©ÇàÀ» ÁغñÇÏ´À¶ó ¹Ù»Ú´Ù.  
¡æ I am busy preparing for a trip to Europe.  
¨ê Ȥ½Ã ³»°Ô ÀüÈ­ÇÏ°í ½ÍÀº °æ¿ì¿¡ ÀÌ°Ô ³» ¹øÈ£¾ß.  
¡æ This is my number just in case you would like to call me.  
  
[Á¤´ä] ¨è  
[Çؼ³] ¨è ¡®~¿Í °áÈ¥ÇÑ »óÅÂÀÌ´Ù¡¯´Â ¡¸be married to ~¡¹·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ has married¸¦ has been married·Î ¹Ù²ã¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.   
¨ç ¸í»ç a bookÀ» to read°¡ µÚ¿¡¼­ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÑÆí, for my sonÀ¸·Î toºÎÁ¤»çÀÇ Àǹ̻ó Á־ Ç¥½ÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.   
¨é ¡¸be busy ~ing¡¹´Â ¡®~ÇÏ´À¶ó ¹Ù»Ú´Ù¡¯¶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÇ µ¿¸í»ç °ü¿ëÇ¥ÇöÀÌ´Ù.   
¨ê ¡¸just in case (that) ÁÖ¾î + µ¿»ç¡¹´Â ¡®¸¸ÀÏ ~ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ ´ëºñÇÏ¿©¡¹ÀÇ ºÎ»çÀý Á¢¼Ó»çÀÌ´Ù.  
  
  
¡Ø ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ» °í¸£½Ã¿À. [¹® 17. ~ ¹® 18.]  
  
¹® 17.   
In the nineteenth century, the most respected health and medical experts all insisted that diseases were caused by ¡°miasma,¡± a fancy term for bad air. Western society¡¯s system of health was based on this assumption: to prevent diseases, windows were kept open or closed, depending on whether there was more miasma inside or outside the room: it was believed that doctors could not pass along disease because gentlemen did not inhabit quarters with bad air. Then the idea of germs came along. One day, everyone believed that bad air makes you sick. Then, almost overnight, people started realizing there were invisible things called microbes and bacteria that were the real cause of diseases. This new view of disease brought sweeping changes to medicine, as surgeons adopted antiseptics and scientists invented vaccines and antibiotics. But, just as momentously, the idea of germs gave ordinary people the power to influence their own lives. Now, if you wanted to stay healthy, you could wash your hands, boil your water, cook your food thoroughly, and clean cuts and scrapes with iodine.  
  
¨ç In the nineteenth century, opening windows was irrelevant to the density of miasma.   
¨è In the nineteenth century, it was believed that gentlemen did not live in places with bad air.  
¨é Vaccines were invented after people realized that microbes and bacteria were the real cause of diseases.   
¨ê Cleaning cuts and scrapes could help people to stay healthy.  
  
[Á¤´ä] ¨ç  
[Çؼ³]   
¨ç 19¼¼±â¿¡, â¹®À» ¿©´Â °ÍÀº µ¶±âÀÇ ¹Ðµµ¿Í ¹«°üÇß´Ù. (¡æ ¹æ ¾È°ú ¹ÛÀÇ µ¶±âÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ¿¡ µû¶ó â¹®À» ¿­°í ´Ý¾ÒÀ¸¹Ç·Î, °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.)  
¨è 19¼¼±â¿¡, ±ÍÁ·µéÀº ³ª»Û °ø±â°¡ ÀÖ´Â Àå¼Ò¿¡ »ìÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í ¿©°ÜÁ³´Ù.  
¨é ¹é½ÅÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹Ì»ý¹°°ú ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ°¡ Áúº´ÀÇ ÁøÂ¥ ¿øÀÎÀ̶ó°í ±ú´ÞÀº ÈÄ¿¡ ¹ß¸íµÆ´Ù.  
¨ê ÀÚ»ó°ú Âû°ú»óÀ» ±ú²ýÀÌ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °è¼Ó °Ç°­Çϵµ·Ï µµ¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.  
[Çؼ®] 19¼¼±â¿¡ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Á¸°æ¹Þ´Â °Ç°­°ú ÀÇÇÐ Àü¹®°¡µéÀº ¸ðµÎ Áúº´ÀÌ ³ª»Û °ø±â¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â °í±Þ ¿ë¾îÀÎ ¡®µ¶±â¡¯¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¾ß±âµÈ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù. ¼­¾ç »çȸÀÇ °Ç°­ ü°è´Â ÀÌ °¡Á¤¿¡ ±âÃÊÇß´Ù: Áúº´À» ¸·±â À§Çؼ­, ¹æ ¾È ¶Ç´Â ¹Û¿¡ ´õ ¸¹Àº µ¶±â°¡ ÀÖ´ÂÁö¿¡ µû¶ó â¹®À» ¿­°Å³ª ´Ý¾Ò´Ù. ±ÍÁ·µéÀº ³ª»Û °ø±â°¡ ÀÖ´Â ±¸¿ª¿¡¼­ °ÅÁÖÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÇ»çµéÀº º´À» ¿Å±æ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í ¿©°ÜÁ³´Ù. ±×·¯´Ù°¡ ¼¼±Õ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °³³äÀÌ »ý°å´Ù. ¾î´À ³¯ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÌ ³ª»Û °ø±â°¡ ´ç½ÅÀ» ¾ÆÇÁ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù°í ¹Ï¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯´Ù °ÅÀÇ ÇÏ·í¹ã »çÀÌ¿¡ »ç¶÷µéÀº Áúº´ÀÇ ÁøÂ¥ ¿øÀÎÀÎ ¹Ì»ý¹°°ú ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ·Î ºÒ¸®´Â, ´«¿¡ º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í ±ú´Ý±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ¿Ü°ú ÀÇ»çµéÀÌ ¼Òµ¶Á¦¸¦ äÅÃÇÏ°í °úÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ ¹é½Å°ú Ç×»ýÁ¦¸¦ ¹ß¸íÇßµíÀÌ, Áúº´¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ »õ·Î¿î °üÁ¡Àº ÀÇÇп¡ Àü¸éÀûÀÎ º¯È­¸¦ °¡Á®¿Ô´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î Áß´ëÇÏ°Ôµµ, ¼¼±ÕÀ̶ó´Â °ü³äÀº ÀÏ¹Ý »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÀڽŵéÀÇ »î¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥ ÈûÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦, ´ç½ÅÀÌ °è¼Ó °Ç°­ÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é ¼ÕÀ» ¾Ä°í, ¹°À» ²úÀÌ°í, À½½ÄÀ» öÀúÈ÷ ÀÍÈ÷°í, ÀÚ»ó°ú Âû°ú»óÀ» ¿ä¿Àµå·Î ¼Òµ¶ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.   
[¾îÈÖ] expert Àü¹®°¡ fancy term °í±Þ ¿ë¾î assumption °¡Á¤ pass along Àü´ÞÇÏ´Ù quarter (°ÅÁÖ) ±¸¿ª germ º´±Õ come along »ý±â´Ù invisible º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â microbe ¹Ì»ý¹° sweeping Àü¸éÀûÀÎ adopt äÅÃÇÏ´Ù antiseptic ¼Òµ¶Á¦ antibiotic Ç×»ýÁ¦ momentously Áß´ëÇÏ°Ô thoroughly öÀúÇÏ°Ô scrape Âû°ú»ó iodine ¿ä¿Àµå  
  
¹® 18.   
Followers are a critical part of the leadership equation, but their role has not always been appreciated. For a long time, in fact, ¡°the common view of leadership was that leaders actively led and subordinates, later called followers, passively and obediently followed.¡± Over time, especially in the last century, social change shaped people¡¯s views of followers, and leadership theories gradually recognized the active and important role that followers play in the leadership process. Today it seems natural to accept the important role followers play. One aspect of leadership is particularly worth noting in this regard: Leadership is a social influence process shared among all members of a group. Leadership is not restricted to the influence exerted by someone in a particular position or role; followers are part of the leadership process, too.  
  
¨ç For a length of time, it was understood that leaders actively led and followers passively followed.  
¨è People¡¯s views of subordinates were influenced by social change.  
¨é The important role of followers is still denied today.  
¨ê Both leaders and followers participate in the leadership process.  
  
[Á¤´ä] ¨é  
[Çؼ³] ¨ç ¿À·£ ½Ã°£ µ¿¾È, ¸®´õµéÀº Àû±ØÀûÀ¸·Î À̲ø°í ÆȷοöµéÀº ¼öµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î µû¸¥´Ù°í »ý°¢µÆ´Ù.  
¨è »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÇϱÞÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °üÁ¡Àº »çȸ º¯È­¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.  
¨é ÆȷοöµéÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀº ¿À´Ã³¯ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ºÎÁ¤µÈ´Ù. (¡æ ±× ¹Ý´ë·Î ÀÎÁ¤µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.)  
¨ê ¸®´õµé°ú Æȷοöµé µÑ ¸ðµÎ ¸®´õ½Ê °úÁ¤¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÑ´Ù.  
[Çؼ®] ÆȷοöµéÀº ¸®´õ½Ê »óȲ¿¡¼­ Áß¿äÇÑ ÀϺÎÀÌÁö¸¸, ±×µéÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀÌ Ç×»ó ³ôÀÌ Æò°¡µÈ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù. »ç½Ç, ¿À·§µ¿¾È ¡°¸®´õ½Ê¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ °ßÇØ´Â ¸®´õµéÀÌ Àû±ØÀûÀ¸·Î À̲ø¸é, ³ªÁß¿¡ Æȷοö¶ó°í ºÒ¸®°Ô µÈ ÇϱÞÀÚµéÀÌ ¼öµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ±×¸®°í º¹Á¾ÀûÀ¸·Î µÚµû¸¥´Ù´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù.¡± ½Ã°£ÀÌ È帣¸é¼­, ƯÈ÷ Áö³­ ¼¼±â¿¡, »çȸ º¯È­°¡ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Æȷοöµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °üÁ¡À» Çü¼ºÇß°í, ¸®´õ½Ê À̷еéÀº ÆȷοöµéÀÌ ¸®´õ½Ê °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ¸Ã´Â Àû±ØÀûÀÌ°í Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» Á¡Â÷ ÀÎÁ¤Çß´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ ÆȷοöµéÀÌ ¸Ã´Â Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿ö º¸ÀδÙ. ¸®´õ½ÊÀÇ ÇÑ ¾ç»óÀÌ ÀÌ Á¡¿¡¼­ ƯÈ÷ ÁÖ¸ñÇÒ °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Ù: ¸®´õ½ÊÀº Á¶Á÷ÀÇ ÇÑ Áý´ÜÀÇ ¸ðµç ±¸¼º¿øµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ °øÀ¯µÇ´Â »çȸÀû ¿µÇâ °úÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù. ¸®´õ½ÊÀº ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ÁöÀ§³ª ¿ªÇÒÀÇ ´©±º°¡¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Çà»çµÇ´Â ¿µÇâ·Â¿¡ ±¹ÇѵÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Æȷοöµéµµ ±× ¸®´õ½Ê °úÁ¤ÀÇ ÀϺÎÀÌ´Ù.  
[¾îÈÖ] critical Áß¿äÇÑ equation »óȲ, ¹æÁ¤½Ä(µî½Ä) appreciate ³ôÀÌ Æò°¡ÇÏ´Ù subordinate ÇϱÞÀÚ passively ¼öµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î obediently º¹Á¾ÀûÀ¸·Î note ÁÖ¸ñÇÏ´Ù be restricted to ~¿¡ ÇÑÁ¤µÇ´Ù exert Çà»çÇÏ´Ù   
  
  
¡Ø ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀ» °í¸£½Ã¿À. [¹® 19. ~ ¹® 20.]  
  
¹® 19.   
Language proper is itself double-layered. Single noises are only occasionally meaningful: mostly, the various speech sounds convey coherent messages only when combined into an overlapping chain, like different colors of ice-cream melting into one another. In birdsong also, ___________________: the sequence is what matters. In both humans and birds, control of this specialized sound-system is exercised by one half of the brain, normally the left half, and the system is learned relatively early in life. And just as many human languages have dialects, so do some bird species: in California, the white-crowned sparrow has songs so different from area to area that Californians can supposedly tell where they are in the state by listening to these sparrows.  
  
¨ç no sound-system exists  
¨è dialects play a critical role  
¨é rhythmic sounds are important  
¨ê individual notes are often of little value  
  
[Á¤´ä] ¨ê  
[Çؼ³] Àΰ£ ¾ð¾îÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À» ³íÇÑ µÚ »õÀÇ ÁöÀú±Ñµµ ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù°í ¾ê±âÇÏ´Â Çü½ÄÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. ºóÄ­ ¹Ù·Î ¾Õ¿¡¼­ °³º° À½¸¸À¸·Î´Â ÀÇ¹Ì Àü´ÞÀÌ ¾î·Æ°í À½ÀÇ ¿¬°áÀÌ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ¾ê±âÇß°í, ºóÄ­ µÚ¿¡¼­µµ ¿¬°áÀÌ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ÁöÀûÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ »õÀÇ ÁöÀú±ÑÀº, Àΰ£ÀÇ ¾ð¾îó·³, ¡®°³º° À½Àº Á¾Á¾ °¡Ä¡°¡ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù¡¯°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.   
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Nobel Prize-winning psychologist Daniel Kahneman changed the way the world thinks about economics, upending the notion that human beings are rational decision-makers. Along the way, his discipline-crossing influence has altered the way physicians make medical decisions and investors evaluate risk on Wall Street. In a paper, Kahneman and his colleagues outline a process for making big strategic decisions. Their suggested approach, labeled as ¡°Mediating Assessments Protocol,¡± of MAP, has a simple goal: To put off gut-based decision-making until a choice can be informed by a number of separate factors. ¡°One of the essential purposes of MAP is basically to ______________intuition,¡± Kahneman said in a recent interview with The Post. The structured process calls for analyzing a decision based on six to seven previously chosen attributes, discussing each of them separately and assigning them a relative percentile score, and finally, using those scores to make a holistic judgment.  
  
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[Çؼ®] ³ëº§»óÀ» ¼ö»óÇÑ ½É¸®ÇÐÀÚ Daniel KahnemanÀº ¼¼°è°¡ °æÁ¦Çп¡ ´ëÇØ »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ» ¹Ù²Ù¾ú´Âµ¥, Àΰ£ÀÌ ÇÕ¸®Àû ÀÇ»ç °áÁ¤ÀÚ¶ó´Â °ü³äÀ» µÚÁý¾ú´Ù. ±× °úÁ¤¿¡¼­, ºÐ°úÇй®À» ³Ñ¾î¼­´Â ±×ÀÇ ¿µÇâ·ÂÀº ÀÇ»çµéÀÌ ÀÇ·á °áÁ¤À» ³»¸®°í ÅõÀÚÀÚµéÀÌ ¿ù ½ºÆ®¸®Æ®¿¡¼­ À§ÇèÀ» Æò°¡ÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ» ¹Ù²Ù¾ú´Ù. ÇÑ ³í¹®¿¡¼­, Kahneman°ú ±×ÀÇ µ¿·áµéÀº Å« Àü·«Àû °áÁ¤À» ³»¸®´Â °úÁ¤À» °³°ýÇÑ´Ù. ±×µéÀÌ Á¦¾ÈÇÑ MAP Á¢±Ù¹ý(¡°Á¶Á¤À» ÅëÇÑ Æò°¡ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ¡±À̶ó°í À̸§ºÙ¿©Áø)Àº ÇϳªÀÇ ´Ü¼øÇÑ ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù: ¾î¶² ¼±ÅÃÀÌ ¿©·¯ ´Ù¸¥ ¿äÀε鿡 ÀÇÇØ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¶§±îÁö Á÷°ü¿¡ ÀÇ°ÅÇÑ ÀÇ»ç °áÁ¤À» ¹Ì·ç´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¡°MAPÀÇ ±âº» ¸ñÇ¥µé Áß ÇÑ °¡Áö´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î Á÷°üÀ» ¹Ì·ç´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡±¶ó°í KahnemanÀº The Post¿ÍÀÇ ÃÖ±Ù ÀÎÅͺ信¼­ ¸»Çß´Ù. ±¸Á¶È­µÈ °úÁ¤Àº ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¼±ÅÃµÈ 6~7°³ÀÇ ¼Ó¼ºµé¿¡ ÀÇ°ÅÇÑ °áÁ¤À» ºÐ¼®Çϱâ, ±×°Íµé °¢°¢À» µû·Î ³íÀÇÇÏ°í ±×°Íµé¿¡ »ó´ëÀûÀÎ ¹éºÐÀ§ Á¡¼ö¸¦ ºÎ¿©Çϱâ, ±×¸®°í ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀ¸·Î ±× Á¡¼öµéÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÀüüÀûÀÎ ÆÇ´ÜÀ» ³»¸®±â¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù.   
[¾îÈÖ] upend µÚÁý´Ù rational ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ discipline ºÐ°úÇй® alter ¹Ù²Ù´Ù evaluate Æò°¡ÇÏ´Ù colleague µ¿·á strategic Àü·«ÀûÀÎ approach Á¢±Ù¹ý gut Á÷°¨ inform ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Ù, Á¤º¸¸¦ ÁÖ´Ù separate º°°³ÀÇ intuition Á÷°ü call for ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Ù attribute ¼Ó¼º assign ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Ù relative »ó´ëÀûÀÎ percentile ¹éºÐÀ§¼ö holistic ÀüüÀûÀÎ   
  
  
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